Week2

Edward Tylor and Lewis Henry Morgan

• Technology -> cultural evolution
• Outdated and racist

Natural Selection (Charles Darwin & Alfred Russel Wallace)
-> Genetic and cultural inheritance

Primates

Non-human primates learn by:

• imitation and emulation.
• Individual - trial and error
• Social - guided, passive observation, active instruction

Human children learning:

• Sensorimotor – movement
• Preoperational intelligence – think about an action
• Concrete operations – organize physical entities
• Propositional operations – organize ideas, Hypothetical entities (planning)

Making stone tools

Theory of mind (ToM)

• Understanding that others have their own minds, beliefs, goals.
• Understanding that people may act one way while feeling another way.
• False belief test
• Level of intentionality (humans do 5 levels) (嵌套数)

Human uniqueness - working memory

• Hold information in attention

Academic Sources

Peer-reviewed publications
Academic journals. (specific topics)

• Impact Factor (IF)
• Higher citation, higher IF is more prestigious
• Most prestigious : Cell, Science, Nature (IF 45.1, 47.3, 56.1)
  “Predatory journals”
• Not real peer-reviewed journals.
  Peer-review process
• Preprint online
• May take multiple years
• (A) submit (B) Journal editor reject or invite reviewers. (C) The reviewers evaluate the paper. (D) Editor reads reviews and decides:
  • Accept as-is.
  • Major revisions required.
  • Minor revisions required.
  • Reject.
• (E) Co-authors complete revisions