Week1

更新中 · 笔记范围：持续补充

Humans are biocultural organism.
Culture: “patterns of learned behaviour and ideas that humans acquire as members of a society, together with the artifacts and structures we create and use.”

  • Culture knowledge
  • Tool : survival; overcome biological and individual limitations; information
  • Culture is Symbolic
  • Linguistic anthropolog

Verbal communication

  • Verbal language
  • Non-word sounds with meaning
  • Native speaker
  • Communication is more than individual words

Non-verbal communication

  • Writing, Morse code, Sign language, body language, facial expressions
  • Difficult - time, past/future

Distinctiveness of Human language:

  • Openness
    • In different ways / infinite combinations / primate vocal communications
  • Displacement
    • Future, past / real or imagined events, non-existent objects
  • Arbitrariness
    • No link between sound and meaning
  • Prevarication
    • Can be nonsense, make statements that violate convention, can be false
  • Duality of patterning
    • Phonemes - small units of sounds; Morphemes - meaningful combination of phonemes ; Grammar
  • Can be built (constructed languages) / conlangs

Humans equipped from birth for language

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
▪ Aka linguistic relativity principle
▪ Language patterns influence thought patterns
▪ Language influences perception of reality

Symbol
Signs

  • Sign (representations), object (what it refers to), interpreter
  • Shared framework to receive the message

Ex. Inukshuk

Peircian levels

  • Icon - imitate and resemble
  • Index - some physical link / causal relationship
  • Symbol - Arbitrary relationship
    Week1