Wave-3

Wave-6

取极小的一段空气柱进行分析,则当声波传播时,空气柱压强的变化量:
\begin{aligned} \Delta p &=-B \frac{\Delta V}{V}\\ \\ &=-B \frac{(x_{2}+s_{2}-x_{1}-s_{1})-(x_{2}-x_{1})}{x_{2}-x_{1}} \\ &=-B \frac{\Delta s}{\Delta x} \end{aligned}
对空气柱受力分析,它受到的合力:
\begin{aligned} F_{\mathrm{net}}&=(p_{0}+\Delta p_{1})A-(p_{0}+\Delta p_{2})A \\ \\ &=BA\left((\frac{\Delta s}{\Delta x})_{2}-(\frac{\Delta s}{\Delta x})_{1}\right)\\ &=BA \Delta \frac{\Delta s}{\Delta x} \end{aligned}
它的质量:
m=\rho \Delta xA
牛顿第二定律:
a= \frac{B}{\rho} \frac{\Delta (\Delta s/\Delta x)}{\Delta x}
\Delta x\to0:

\frac{\partial^2s}{\partial t^2}=\frac{B}{\rho} \frac{\partial^2s}{\partial x^2}
\implies v=\frac{\omega}{k}=\sqrt{ \frac{B}{\rho} }
另外:
s(x,t)=s_{m}\cos(kx-\omega t)