Cell Biology - 细胞生物学

已完成 · 笔记范围：仅期末复习

  • emergence（涌现）

The history of cell biology

  • The size of a cell: 100 \mu m
  • The invention of microscope
    • Objective lens and eye lens
  • The word “cell”: Robert Hooke
  • The father of Microbiology: Anton van Leeuwenhoek
  • The original Cell Theory (1838, Schwann & Schleiden)
  • Cells derive from pre-existing cells (1855, Rudolf Virchow)
  • Observation of Cell Devision (1880)

Modern Cell Theory:

  • All living organisms are composed of one or more cells.
  • The cell is basic unit of structure and function for all organisms.
  • All cells arise only from pre-existing cells by division.

Hereditary information is stored in DNA.

  • Double-Helix Structure（双螺旋结构）
  • Human Genome Project（人类基因组计划）
    The Central Dogma（中心法则, 1957）
    Plasma Membrane（细胞膜）
    Energy Carrier ATP
  • Cell Respiration (细胞呼吸)

Autophagy（细胞自噬）

  • Relate diseases: Neurodegeneration（神经退行性变）, Cancer, Infection, Metabolic disease, Aging
  • Autophagosomes（自噬小体）

Electron microscopy (EM, 电子显微镜)

CRISPR/Cas 9

Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)

The coronavirus（冠状病毒）

In 1895, Overton proposed that biomembranes (生物膜) are made up of lipids.

S. J. Singer and G. L. Nicolson: The fluid mosaic model (流动镶嵌模型)

Transport Across Cell Membranes (跨膜运输)

Endocytosis (内吞作用)

  • Pinocytosis (胞饮作用): No receptor, small amount
  • Phagocytosis (胞吞作用): Receptor, Happens in specific types of cells, e.g. macrophages (巨噬细胞) and neutrophils (中性粒细胞).
  • Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis (网格蛋白介导的内吞作用)
  • Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis (受体介导的内吞作用）

Proteins

  • Posttranslational Sorting (翻译后分选)
  • Cotranslational Sorting (翻译中分选)

Secretion (分泌)

Endoplasmic ReticulumER（内质网）

  • Rough ER
  • Smooth ER

Cancer